MOTOR SKILLS: MOTOR FITNESS STRUCTURE OF 9-YEAR-OLD BOYS

The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys. Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. The most informative indicators that determine the level of 9-year-old boys’ motor fitness are: No. 12 “Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 13 “Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.875); No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.683). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys’ arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

It was found that the effectiveness of motor skills development depends on consistent solving of learning tasks and rational application of methods aimed at developing motor abilities and mastering motor tasks (Khudolii, 2019;Ivashchenko, 2020;Khudolii, Iermakov, & Bartik, 2020).
However, further research is needed to determine the leading role of motor skills development in the primary school educational environment.
The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys.

Study Participants
The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment.

Organization of the Study
The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics.
The study recorded the primary schoolchildren's level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. The coefficient was determined by the formula: p = (m/n)×100, where p is the level of proficiency, m is the number of successfully performed exercises, n is the total number of attempts to perform the exercise. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: "Rope climbing in two steps", "Rope climbing in three steps", "One leg swing upward circle".

Statistical Analysis
The study materials were processed using the IBM SPSS 20 statistical analysis software. Factor analysis was performed. In the factor analysis, the study used the model of principal components with the rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University. In addition, the children and their parents or legal guardians were fully informed about all the features of the study, and a signed informed-consent document was obtained from all the parents. Table 1 shows the results of testing the 9-year-old boys' motor fitness.
The coefficient of variation in terms of the level of proficiency in the exercises "Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency" and "Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency" shows that the exercises are difficult to perform.
Thus, the level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of "agility", "movement coordination", "speed strength", and "endurance"; inhomogeneousby the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. Table 2 shows the results of factor analysis. The analysis identified four factors that explain 66.348% of the variation of results.
The first factor has a weight of 24.287%. With the factor, the greatest correlation is in the level of proficiency in exercises: No. 12 "Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency" (r = 0.969); No. 13 "Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency" (r = 0.969); No.14 "One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency" (r = 0.933); No. 7 "Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times" (r = 0.716). The factor is called the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises.
The third factor has a weight of 12.269%. With the factor, the greatest correlation is in: No. 9 "Combined movements of arms, torso and legs, points" (r = 0.631); No. 10 "Maintenance of stable posture -standing on one leg with closed eyes, s" (r = 0.695); No. 11 "Walking along straight line after 5 rotations, deviations in cm" (r = -0.626). The factor is called movement coordination and vestibular stability.
The fourth factor has a weight of 11.572%. With the factor, the greatest correlation is in: No. 6 "Seated forward bend, cm" (r = 0.632); No. 8 "Shuttle run 4×9 m, s" (r = -0.607). The factor is called general movement coordination.
The analysis of similarities made it possible to identify the most informative indicators that determine the level of motor fitness of the 9-year-old boys: • No. 12 "Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency" (r = 0.960); • No. 13 "Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency" (r = 0.960); • No. 14 "One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency" (r = 0.875); • No. 10 "Maintenance of stable posture -standing on one leg with closed eyes, s" (r = 0.683). The graphic representation of a two-factor model of testing results shows that the analysis identifies two sets of data with high correlation coefficients. The first set includes tests No. 12, 13, 14, and 7, which characterize the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises and relative arm strength; the second -tests No. 2, 1, 4, 5, and 3, which characterize physical development and the level of development of speed strength, agility, and endurance (see Fig. 1).

Component 1
Component 2 other hand, by physical development and the level of development of speed strength, agility, and endurance.

Discussion
The paper assumed that motor skills occupy a leading place in the structure of motor fitness of 9-year-old boys. So, the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%. Thus, the study's findings make it possible to accept the research hypothesis on the leading role of motor skills development in physical education classes at primary school.
The analysis of the coefficients of variation points to heterochrony in the development of the 9-year-old boys' motor abilities. The level of proficiency in rope climbing indicates that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys' arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.
The obtained results supplement the data on the relationship between the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises and the level of development of strength and movement coordination (Ivashchenko, Berezhna, & Cieślicka, 2020;Ivashchenko, & Sirichenko, 2020). As with 7-year-old boys, there is considerable variation in the results of test No. 7 "Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times" (Ivashchenko, Berezhna, & Cieślicka, 2020).
The results of factor analysis confirm the integrity of the process of motor skills formation and motor abilities development in children Ivashchenko, Iermakov, Khudolii, Cretu, & Potop, 2017).
Thus, the 9-year-old boys' motor fitness is determined, on the one hand, by the level of development of arm strength and the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises; on the other hand, by physical development and the level of development of speed strength, agility, and endurance.

Conclusions
Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school.
The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys' arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.